A toxic friend: genotoxic and mutagenic activity of the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. mSphere 6:e00624-21. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00624-21. [PMC free article] [Google Scholar] 2. US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. 2012. Guidance for industry: S2(R1) genotoxicity testing and data Learn about the discovery and history of the EcN strain, a special E. coli strain with probiotic activities that was used as the active ingredient in a licensed medicinal product for gastrointestinal disturbances. The article reviews the discovery of antagonistic activity, the characterization of EcN and its applications in gastrointestinal health and disease. E. coli Nissle 1917 produces heparosan and is a biosafety level I (BSL-1) organism that is commercially used as a pro-biotic nutraceutical. The genomes of E. coli K5 and Nissle 1917 have been sequenced (Cress et al. 2013a; Cress et al. 2013b). Both E. coli K5 and E. coli Nissle 1917 express the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is one of the extensively characterized probiotic strains owing to its beneficial traits like (1) production of antimicrobials such as microcin and bacteriocin, (2) modulation of host immune responses, and (3) competitive elimination of pathogens residing in the intestine [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. The Bacterial vectors can be engineered to generate microscopic living therapeutics to produce and deliver anticancer agents. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (Nissle 1917) is a promising candidate with probiotic properties. Here, we used Nissle 1917 to develop a metabolic strategy to produce 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) from glucose as 5-ALA plays an important role in the photodynamic therapy of Probiotics, such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, are microorganisms that confer beneficial physiological or therapeutic activities. For example, some probiotics can alleviate intestinal inflammation and irritable bowel syndrome, strengthen host innate immune functions or protect the intestinal barrier against pathogens 2 , 3 , 4 . Author summary Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been used as a probiotic for over a century. However, it produces the genotoxin colibactin, which has been linked to the virulence of certain E. coli strains and could promote colorectal cancer. Administering a potentially pro-carcinogenic strain as a probiotic raises public health concerns. Therefore, our aim was to separate EcN genotoxic Probiotic bacteria E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a natural producer of heparosan. The current work explores production of EcN heparosan and process parameters that may impact the heparosan CTQ attributes. Results show that EcN could be grown to high cell densities With this in mind, we developed the SLIC system in the probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917, which has been shown to colonize liver metastases when delivered orally , thus offering an additional translational route of therapeutic delivery for more advanced metastatic disease. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is an intestinal probiotic that is effective for the treatment of intestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and ulcerative colitis. EcN is a representative Gram-negative probiotic in biomedical research and is an intensively studied probiotic. However, to date, its genome-wide metabolic network model has not been developed. ZQsR.